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Luzon montane forest mouse
The Luzon montane forest mouse (''Apomys datae'') is a species of rodent in the family Muridae, from the genus ''Apomys''.
It occurs only in the Philippines, where it has been found on the large northern island Luzon (in the Cordillera Central and on the coast of Ilocos Norte). It is most closely related to the large Mindoro forest mouse, which occurs on Mindoro. There may be another related species in the Sierra Madre, but this species is yet undescribed. The Luzon montane forest mouse is a relatively large, ground-dwelling rat with a tail that is quite short for its genus.
==Discovery==
The Luzon montane forest mouse was the first species of ''Apomys'' ever to be discovered. In 1895, an expedition was organised which brought to Europe the first specimens of several genera, including ''Carpomys'', ''Rhynchomys'' and ''Crunomys''. During this expedition, in February, England explorer John Whitehead captured a number of unknown rats on a site called ''Lepanto'' on Mount Data, at an altitude of approximately . In 1898, British biologist Oldfield Thomas described these animals as an "interesting species", but identified them as ''Mus chrysocomus'', a species from Sulawesi that is now known as yellow-haired hill rat (''Bunomys chrysocomus'') and reckoned among the genus ''Bunomys'', which is not actually closely related to ''Apomys''. Thomas sent a specimen to the Staatliches Museum für Tierkunde Dresden, where Adolf Bernard Meyer concluded that the animal did not resemble ''Mus chrysocomus''. Meyer described th animal as ''Mus datae'' in 1899, after its type locality – Mount Data (at the time the generic name ''Mus'' was used more broadly than it is now). For a long time, little was known about ''Mus datae'', until 1913, when American biologist Ned Hollister described eight rats from Luzon under the name ''Epimys datae'' ("''Epimys''" was the name of the genus that would later become ''Rattus''). These were in fact examples of the Himalayan field rat (''Rattus nitidus''), but they were only identified as such in 1977, by Guy Musser, another American biologist. Meanwhile, in Britain, John Ellerman had finally placed ''Mus datae'' with its relatives in ''Apomys'', in 1941. Eleven years later, in 1952, American zoologist Colin Campbell Sanborn announced that he had captured 54 specimens of ''A. datae'' on Mount Data. A good part of this catch, however, was later found to consist of specimens of the Luzon Cordillera forest mouse (''A. abrae''), a species which had been described by Sanborn in the same article in which he had made his announcement.
In a 1982 article, Musser defined the genus ''Apomys'' and gave the first modern description of ''A. datae'', while also correcting Sanborn's mistake in the identification of his collection. It was revealed that Sanborn had not been the only one to get the major species of ''Apomys'' from Luzon cofused: the holotype of the species ''Apomys Major'', described by Gerrit Smith Miller of the Smithsonian Institution in 1910, turned out to have been a specimen of ''A. datae'', while the other animals to have been identified as ''A. major'' were discovered to be examples of ''A. abrae''. Since that time, ''Apomys major'' has been considered a subjective synonym of ''A. datae''. Musser identified ''A. datae'' as the only member of the "''Apomys datae'' group" within the genus, being different from all other species. In 1993 and 1994, the species was observed in the Sierra Madre, at an altitude between , but this probably concerns a population of a separate, undescribed species. A second species within the ''A. datae'' group was described by Luis Ruedas, in 1995: ''Apomys gracilirostris''. In the 21st century, the knowledge about ''A. datae'' was expanded with data from genetic research. In 2002, the karyotype was revealed, and in 2003, the phylogenetic relationship with ''A. gracilirostris'' was confirmed, based on common features in the species' DNA. Most recently, the animal has been found on several new locations in North Luzon.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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